The Cause Of Ww1 Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Cause Of Ww1 Essay, Research Paper The reasons for W.W.I It is concurred by most that World War One was one of the most demolishing occasions ever to take topographic point on Earth, yet the announcement of which state should move the heap of obligation forges ahead. In any case, numerous apparent realities show that this Great War would neer would hold happened had it non been for the activities of Germany and Austria-Hungry. When the inheritor to their seat was killed, Austria-Hungry searched for no other chance however war to work out the activity on account of their unforesightful program to free themselves of a Slavic Nationalist movement. Be that as it may, Austria-Hungry would neer hold began such a war had it non been for Germany # 8217 ; s certainty that they would fund the Habsburg war endeavor. The implication farther falls on Germany as Austria-Hungry needed this war to be confined and it was crafted by the Germans which accepted this little position, separated in the Balkans, to an a lot bigger graduated table. We will compose a custom paper test on The Cause Of Ww1 Essay Research Paper or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In their pursuit of universe mastery, the Germans followed up on a program to influence Russia and France in a Great War on the landmass. Germany had been fixing for such an occasion since 1905. Albeit many case that it was the slug of Gavrilo Princip which began the war, it was Austria-Hungary # 8217 ; s activities thereupon which activated the entire landmass for war. It is of import to recognize the discretionary dealingss among Serbia and Austria-Hungary before the ejection of World War One. Single word can portray it: tense. Serbia had late picked up independency and was working up a patriot movement in Austria-Hungary. Austria-Hungary was aware of this and realized they could non stand to lose 8 million Serbs at a clasp when they were going on it difficult to satisfy such a significant number of racial gatherings in their imperium. There is no vulnerability that Austria-Hungary had an inspiration in wanting to free themselves of this Slavic state. In August of 1914 toward the start of WW1 when they announced war on Serbia, they asserted it was in vengeance of Archduke Franz Ferdinand # 8217 ; s blackwash. This was non a substantial ground for announcing war however in light of the fact that at the clasp, Austria-Hungary had no unequivocal apt proof that Serbia had any commitment in the blackwash. The blackwash of the Archduke was just the vind ication Austria-Hungary expected to abuse their Serbian neighbors. They put forth no attempt to choose the situation by discretionary organizations with the exception of a regrettable final proposal and had just mentioned the help of Germany. Notwithstanding the way that Austria-Hungary made no move to keep away from a war, they realized that the nation wherein they were fighting was one in which the Russian # 8217 ; s took incredible inclusion. Berchtold, the Austrian remote minister, was acceptable discerning that any move onto Serbia would non be trifled with by Russia yet he felt that vengeance would non take topographic point for mature ages. Austria-Hungary bet on a confined war however was to the full perceptive of the risk they were taking in get bringing down a World War. Lamentably, 1000000s of individuals passed on in view of Berchtold # 8217 ; s bet. Had it non been for Austria-Hungary # 8217 ; s response to the blackwash, World War One may neer hold taken topographic po int. Austria-Hungary, in spite of the fact that reason on mistreating their Serbian neighbors, may non hold done so had it non been for the consolation given them by the Germans. It was a direct result of Germany distributing them a â€Å"blank check† did Austria-Hungary feel certain bounty to distribute Serbia a final proposal that no noble state would hold to. Truth be told, it was a direct result of the power per unit zone set on Austria-Hungary by the Imperial Chancellor Bethman that Austria-Hungary chose to head out to war. That we took our assurance to make a trip to war on the quality of the express explanations both of the German Emperor and of the German Imperial Chancellor that they viewed the moment as fit and would be happy in the event that we showed ourselves decisively. This comment made by Austria-Hungary # 8217 ; s remote minister shows that Germany was insubordinately a culprit in get bringing down the war with Serbia. Germany knew correctly what they were making when they offered these comments and were set up for the impacts. The Germans knew about bing confederations between other European forces which could hold hauled Russia and France into the battle and were prepared for such an incident. In 1905, Germany # 8217 ; s Chief of Staff, General Shlieffen, drew up strife programs if Germany were to be in a war against Russia and France. Alongside this program, Germany started to fuel their turning ventures with imperialistic activities. They started assuming control over pieces of Africa and began a weaponries race with Britain. Indeed, even before World War One shocked Europe, it appeared just as Germany was the solitary state fixing for it. It was so no such luck when they forced Austria-Hungary into a war in which they knew the vast majority of the European forces would be hauled into. The Germans were rubing for war and they utilized Austria-Hungary to get it. The new Kaiser needed his Germany to be an amazing state and a power to be dealt with. The solitary way he could utilize his turning musculus was to get down a war wherein he realized he would win. It was for this ground Germany began the war in the Balkans. It was Germany # 8217 ; s preparing that frightened the various European forces into preparation. Had Germany non been fixing for this war before anybody could hold envisioned such an occasion taking topographic point, World War One could hold been kept away from in 1914? In the event that Germany had non been set up to battle a war on two foreparts, they would non hold taken the danger of helping the Habsburg Empire in a battle that apparently gave them no expansion. It was Germany # 8217 ; s preparing and power per unit zone on Austria-Hungary that caused World War One. In spite of the fact that Germany and Austria-Hungary were non the solitary states in the war, they were the solitary 1s on whom obligation can be put. Russia, Britain, and France were simply reacting to the moves that Germany and Austria-Hungary made. They could non ignore confederations they had made and Germany knew this. Austria-Hungary realized that Russia would react thusly, if non prior, to their assertion of war on Serbia. Austria-Hungary and Germany knew the impacts of their moves and still made them. These two states began the connection response, which touched off World War One. One can non get down a fire without a glint. Austria-Hungary was the flash and Germany was the gasolene to keep up the fire voyaging.

Financing Health care ( Article review) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financing Health care ( survey) - Article Example Through help from definitive academic investigations originating from 61 research literary works regarding the matter, the creators had the option to introduce a fair situation of the status of social insurance in America and the job of medicinal services change by giving clarifications on who are straightforwardly responsible for expanded human services spending and the basis for increasing expenses. The discoveries uncovered that the recently recognized factors apparently contributory to rising wellbeing costs were just negligible costs and the genuine guilty parties to expanded wellbeing consumption ought to be accused on â€Å"the conjunction of quick innovative development and exceptional corporate greed in medication, which together might be the most basic factor hidden America’s growing medicinal services sector† (Siegel, et.al, 2008, 645). Regulation of these costs, combined with the wellbeing change, would at last help with tending to the expanding social insur ance use in the nation. Proficient Critique It is one’s individual conflict that the article was obviously and viably composed, with the general introduction and structure very much delineated.

Marketing Management

Marketing Management Marketing Management Home›Marketing Posts›Marketing Management Marketing PostsMarketing practices over timeHuman behavior is viewed as being affected by multiple levels of influence. These levels of influence include intra-personal or interpersonal factors, individual factors, public policy factors, institutional or community factors, and organizational factors. Intra-personal factors include individual characteristics that influence behavior such as prior disposition, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and personality traits. Interpersonal factors refer to primary groups such as family, colleagues, and peers. The role of a primary school is to offer social distinctiveness support and meaning. Marketing strategies and performances depend on the culture inherent in a country. The same differs from one country to another. Countries where women’s major role is defined as home making, for example, are more often served by distribution systems that include bargaining.Arguing about the price of the products requires that considerable time be spent shopping. Where women are likely to have a career outside the household, time becomes more precious â€" which is a constraint on bargaining. In those cultures, fixed prices are more common (Williams and Curtis, 2005). Institutional factors are informal structures, policies, regulations, and rules, which may limit or promote suggested behaviors. Institutional procurement practices in general display characteristics that differentiate them from consumer markets. Hospitals, for example, would exhibit concentrated and direct purchasing of drugs from producers and inelastic demand once contracts are negotiated.These contracts would not be easily terminated. Community factors are social norms and networks, which exist as informal or formal among individual organizations and groups. For example, nutrition education and public awareness campaigns carried out by different social groups can promote healthy lifestyles that in turn influence the purchase of organic produce. Public policy refers to local state laws and policies that control or support practices and actions that are healthy, for disease prevention, early detection management and control.For example, the control of occupational exposure to carcinogens is a direct result of developments in public policy. This is an important step in primary cancer prevention and demonstrates that systematic regulatory control of the workplace can be an effective cancer prevention measure. This in turn affects tobacco-marketing practices. Marketing practice changes are also influenced by a diversity of other factors. Ecological or environmental regulatory bodies and processes, trading policies and funding and grants are key political factors. General taxation issues, interest and exchange rates and seasonality or weather issues form the body of economic factors that may influence change.Similarly, the advent of computers and the internet has considerably altered th e face of marketing. Nowadays, distributors and sellers can reach a mass market through online advertisements, shops, and email. Additionally, marketing research and intelligence can easily be catered by aggregating the number of visitors to any site as well as buyers of a product.Marketing SegmentationSome technology factors include research-funding, maturity of technology, innovation potential, intellectual property issues and progression of information and communication systems (Contento 2010). Marketing segmentation refers to the identification of one’s customers, bringing to them what they wish for, building strong relationships with co-marketing partners and communicating via highly targeted promotional media for example event sponsorships or interactive websites. Segmentation is the practice of partitioning markets into groups of prospective clientele with like needs, preferences and tastes. Segmentation efforts must be managed for them to be effective and ensure profitabil ity.It is impossible to pursue every market opportunity so managers must make strategic choices. There are many alternative methods for segmenting business markets. In outlining geographical segmentation, a medical instrumentation firm can obtain data from hospital associations’ directories to target hospitals by region and bed size. When factoring business demographics, a graphic supplies distributor can easily target advertising agencies by using firmographs.When featuring the products usage factor, markets can be segmented according to consumption levels of various user groups; heavy, medium or light. The best customers can be identified by several criteria. These include number of orders, unit sales, revenues, profitability and share of customer volume (Weinstein, 2004). The underlying rational of a mass marketing strategy is that everyone in the market wants the same product delivered, priced, and promoted in the same way. Alternatively, if there are differences within the ma rket, they are not usually significant enough to affect demand. They also do not merit being addressed by the organization with a different marketing mix strategy.Advantages in this type of marketing include elimination of extra costs that ensure larger production runs. Its limitations, however, underscore its limited usefulness. Different shopping patterns, income levels, and work habits require different pricing for certain services or products. This is well served by the segmentation strategy. In addition, a mass marketing strategy that tries to appeal to everyone leaves a company susceptible to having a segment of its customers won over by any other firm that more closely tailors its marketing mix to attract that particular subgroup.Client-Centered MarketingClient centered marketing is a core business process that makes an individual client or high potential prospect in a targeted industry; market niche the focus and beneficiary of specialized information, resources and experien ce. It encompasses selecting a targeted industry market niche for special attention as well as developing an insider’s understanding of it. It also involves positioning, promoting, and providing value adding solutions to selected needs of clients and high potential prospects in the niche. Finally, time, resources, and relationships available to the company are leveraged to secure success in the capturing of the target market.As the market changes from an orientation centered on product sales to one centered on the customer, direct marketing efforts to target profitable customers across the multiple channels, especially the internet, have resulted in reams of data waiting to be analyzed for enhancing future market efforts. Any market today, irrespective of size, can collect data on every customer transaction. These data are then stored in some format in a database for some future use such as financial tracking or inventory management purposes.BrandA brand is an icon or mark (logo) that helps distinguish one product from another. The brand represents the product. From the marketer’s point of view, it is the sum total of all user experiences with a specific service or product, building both repute and future expectations of benefit. Successful brand building involves paying constant attention to user enjoyment of a given product or service; setting sufficient budgets for marketing and evolving the brand overtime as markets and opinions change. Companies invest in building and marketing their brands for a number of reasons. These include increased recognition, establishing trust and building brand loyalty.Brand loyalty is achieved when clients stay faithful to a given brand and, whenever possible, take pains to continue their use of that brand. In the 21st century, the useful economic life of a brand cannot be defined in a pre-determined number of years. While most physical assets can be valued using models that use ten years or less to reflect their useful ec onomic life, brands have indefinite lives. The duration of a brand’s life depends on the readiness of consumers to buy the brand, pay the amount requested by the owner, and continue buying the brand into the future.This is consumer brand equity. It contributes to the ability of a company to earn profits in excess of those that would be earned by a normal company (Cant, Strydom, and Jooste, 2009).“THE LOST TRIBES OF RADIO SHACK: TINKERS SEARCH FOR A NEW               SPIRITUAL HOME”Andy Cohen bought the Radio Shack after years of being successful product manager companies of great worth. However, in recent times, he has obviously been by passed by trends. Radio shack has been forced to re- brand itself in an effort to attract new clientele with more sophisticated needs than the average Joe had in times gone by. New managers in the store have been uncomfortable with the increasing reliance on mobile technology to not only affect purchasing trends but in the acquisition of new cu stomers. It is obvious that they have been left behind in the move of trends from product-based marketing to service oriented marketing.The re-branding of itself to “the Shack” is hoped to alter the image of Radio Shack in the mind of the present day consumer. To this end, advertisements through the television and the internet have been employed. A dance contest was even featured yet little was garnered from these frantic efforts. A systematic study of trends in the market and how to achieve them by way of low cost methods might have achieved more change. Though successful in that it has survived bankruptcy, this has been achieved by cost cutting measures rather than success in garnering new customers.To survive, Radio Shack has now moved to the mass market to its direct loyal customer base-its community. This it has done rather than engage in the market segmentation strategy that would suit the pockets of a larger enterprise. Radio shack has obviously been relegated to near irr elevance by modern marketing trends. Faithful client Mike D’Alessio eschews the recent past when it was a force to be reckoned with. However, even he is quick to admit that that time has passed.

Awake and Sing by Clifford Odet versus A Raisin in the...

Clifford Odets play, Awake and Sing, and Lorraine Hansberrys play, A Raisin in the Sun, both revolve around the struggle of attaining the American dream during the hardships of a struggling economy and most important the value of a family. By analyzing the main characters, Ralph and Walter, it can be seen that even though they wish to use the insurance money to fulfill their dream they eventually realize that with family they can survive through poverty. Both characters are being weighed down by poverty. This brings them to dream of the life they could live if one was giving a chance to get to first base and the other a chance to open up a liquor store. Ralph doesnt really seem to be interested in his family at first and is†¦show more content†¦Thats to bad, he tells his wife when she wants to talk to him about an abortion. The only solution both characters see to solve their problems is through money and not family. When Moe tells Ralph that his uncle has left him the insurance money and that he now has wings. Ralph has the option to take the money and go with his girl, but realizes he dont want life printed on dollar bills anymore. Also, that his uncle didnt die to fight over money and his family needs the money because times are getting worst more and more families on the street. He finally embraces his family as being the strength to help him get through tough times. Walter also believes money would solve all his families problems, but is not successful in achieving any of it. When his mother invests in the house he gets upset and goes to drink. He never takes into consideration that his son would have his own room and his wife can have the baby. He only thinks of him fulfilling his dream. Later, when his mom gives him money to deposit in the bank for his sisters tuition and to keep whats left over for the liquor store. He spends it all on the investment and gets robed for the money. While his family is being torn apart he feels that he could solve the

Are We Teaching An Effective Manner, And If It - 1432 Words

Education Evolved Having the largest frontal lobe of any animal, letting us process complex and abstract thoughts, we humans have a clear advantage when it comes to understanding our world (Lewis). It is a sad case when the human mind is not trained to make the most of it. Understanding our world is as fundamental to the human race as swimming is to fish. As John Dewey put it â€Å"...This process begins unconsciously almost at birth, and is continually shaping the individual s powers, saturating his consciousness, forming his habits, training his ideas, and arousing his feelings and emotions†. It does not matter if it takes place in a small tribe or on a national scale, we are always learning. The question is, are we teaching in an effective manner, and if not, how can we? Education has been with us since time immemorial. One definition of education according to Google Dictionary is â€Å"an enlightening experience† (Google Search). The thing about an enlightening experience is that no classroom is needed, anyone can have one at any time. The problem is that without any structured education, one individual might have such an enlightenment while another is left in the dark. A dissonance then arises between them. Such a simple thing as knowing and not knowing can lead to lower social status (Hickman) and lower quality jobs (Bernstein) among other discrepancies. Ideally education would bridge the gap between the privileged and the underprivileged. Sadly, we live in a world whereShow MoreRelatedWhat Effective Practice Really Means1690 Words   |  7 PagesIn everyday life if we want to improve on something that we have done, we must be open to reflection, so that we can identify our strengths and weaknesses and find areas that can be improved on. 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Similarly, I had a certain philosophy which focuses on introducesRead MoreWood Butcher by Norman Hindley, Behind Grandmas House by Gary Soto, and Manners by Elizabeth Bishop954 Words   |  4 PagesHindley, Behind Grandmas House by Gary Soto, and Manners by Elizabeth Bishop For this paper I will be discussing three poems. They are Wood Butcher by Norman Hindley, Behind Grandmas House by Gary Soto, and Manners by Elizabeth Bishop. I will be examining the commonRead MorePoems: Family and Gary Soto926 Words   |  4 Pagess House by Gary Soto, and Manners by Elizabeth Bishop. I will be examining the common theme I found throughout the three poems. I found that to be how the relatives teach lessons to their relation of a younger generation and the different approaches to their teaching. To start off I will discuss the Wood Butcher by Norman Hindley. I believe the way the father taught the son was some what like an apprenticeship. 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Unfortunately, for teachers there are a lot of hegemonic assumptions out there regarding the best strategies to deal with classroom management, student – teacher relationship, disciplinary actions etc. but for this report I am going to discuss the one which was most evident in my experience during School Placement. Reflecting on my teaching practice one key hegemonicRead More My Teaching Philosophy Essay637 Words   |  3 PagesMy Teaching Philosophy Educational technology is a driving force to restructure schools. Technology is an appealing medium which can potentially facilitate effective teaching and learning as well as increase efficiency and productivity. At present, a variety of technologies are available to assist learners in the acquisition of knowledge and skills. Many of the new technologies can support research, analysis, problem-solving, and communication process more effectively than the traditional resources

Difference between Social and Traditional Business Models Free Essays

string(172) " countries that a central system is in place that makes it possible for water to be pumped into millions of households which might not be the case in developing countries\." Introduction Social business models are considered as a new innovation to the way organisations do business in the 21st century. These models to some extent contradict to the traditional business models, as the aim of latter is to primarily provide financial returns to shareholders. However, social business models have been conceptualised on the idea and rationale of contributing substantially to the community, and are built with the vision of achieving a social objective (Donaldson et al, 2011). We will write a custom essay sample on Difference between Social and Traditional Business Models or any similar topic only for you Order Now A social objective in this term may refer to socially responsible objectives which are aimed at improving the lives of individuals living within a community. Yunus and Weber (2010) for example, state that this could include setting up infrastructures and facilities and ensuring that individuals have an appropriate standard of living. However, the social responsibility of the social business model, seems to go one step further, which is to structure its business according to its social objective aim, which is in contrast to traditional business models that structure their businesses according to their core value offering, and only after profits have been made, would they now contribute a portion to their CSR objective. This essay is going to assess the business models adopted by social businesses, and compare them against traditional business models to ascertain whether, and to what extent, they are different from one another (1). Grameen Veolia Water Ltd is a water company that builds and operates water production and treatment plans in several poor villages in Bangladesh. It is a joint venture between a multinational corporation and local healthcare company which required an upfront investment of eight hundred thousand dollars. Their main aim is to develop projects in five villages, where the company would produce and deliver drinking water, which would then be sold at the factory location for a profit (Yunus Centre, 2009). In essence, the company’s business model was to identify a social problem – drinking water, and invest in infrastructure that would enable the company to meet the demand in the region. The water is being paid for, which enables the company to cover its investments. According to Yunus and Weber (2010), the profits from this investment are re-invested back into the business and enable the company to expand its operations and further assist in solving the problem of water short age in several other regions. The business model adopted by Grameen Veolia Water Ltd in Bangladesh can be considered as a social business model because it has a non-dividend, non-loss policy as depicted by Yunus and Weber (2010), which initially conceptualised the social business model. However, by comparing it against a similar business, it would be easy to identify to which extent they are similar, or different from the traditional business models. Thames Water is the UK’s largest water and wastewater Services Company which supplies millions of houses across London and 2.6 billion litres of tap water daily. Its primary business model, as seen from its website, is to build the relevant infrastructure required to pump millions of litres into London homes daily, and send them a monthly or quarterly bill. Basically, when reviewing both businesses, it seems that their models fit the same pattern, which is to build relevant infrastructures required to deliver water to customers. Grameen Veolia accomplishes tha t by delivering at the factory gate to individuals, whilst Thames Water accomplishes it by pumping into millions of London homes. The main question here is to determine if both models are different or the same lies in the definition of a business model itself. Chesbrough and Rosenbloom (2000) stated that the term business models, whilst frequently used to illustrate different strategies and functions within an organisation is not always explicitly defined. Authors offer a definition by KMLab, a consulting firm, which defines business models as â€Å"a description of how [a] company intends to create value in the market place. Business models include the unique combination of products, services, images and distributions that a particular company carries forward. It also includes the underlying organisation of people and the operational infrastructure that they use to accomplish their work†. (2). Also, Magretta (2002) describes a business model as the method of doing business in which an organisation sustains itself and generates revenues by specifying its position in the value chain. From all these definitions states that a business model describes how an organisation utilises its resources in order to generate revenues. Several busi ness models exist, and they are usually distinct based on the industry within which they operate. Linder and Cantrell (2000) for example, in their Accenture publication state that business models differ based on their unifying concept, and include price models, convenience models, experience models, channel models, and trust models, all of which define how a company does business and generates revenue. Even though they do not specify exactly what a traditional or social business model entails, the term business model is unique amongst both terms and therefore it is safe to assume that every other business model, apart from the â€Å"social business model† – is a traditional business model. Furthermore, in trying to ease the commonly held confusion about what actually constitutes a business model, Linder and Cantrell (2000) outlined the components of a business model, which in essence entail the various factors that constitute any business model. These components seek to further explain the fact that a business model is limited to the process in which a business creates value for its shareholders and generates revenues. Referring back to the water businesses that have been outlined earlier, it is clear that both entities create value by making water accessible. Thames Water manages the problem by creating the relevant infrastructure, and pumping millions of water into households daily, while Grameen Veolia has accomplished that by selling it directly to individuals. This could only be achieved due to the level of infrastructure available that makes it possible for the company to achieve this feat. It is probably only in developed countries that a central system is in pl ace that makes it possible for water to be pumped into millions of households which might not be the case in developing countries. You read "Difference between Social and Traditional Business Models" in category "Essay examples" They may not have the relevant infrastructure, especially in remote towns in Bangladesh where Grameen Veolia has chosen to operate. However, this presents a viable business opportunity. If a company were established in these locations that offered a low cost approach to getting clean fresh water, then it would succeed. This follows on from a similar strategy adopted by Wal-Mart in the 1950’s when it chose to focus on remote towns where there was little infrastructure which has created difficult barriers to entry for competitors. Even though Sam Walton’s (Wal-Mart’s founder) goal was not inherently social, by targeting these markets and offering them value – everyday low prices on big brands, they managed to achieve astronomical su ccess. According to Therefore, socially, Grameen Veolia may be accomplishing a social objective, and in the process, providing a poor society with affordable water, but they are investing private money into this feat, and consequently making profit out of this investment, which inherently, according to the definition of a business model, is a traditional business. The only difference between this model and that of Thames Water in the UK is the availability of infrastructure, which has made theirs more appropriate for their environment. Since this essay has now established that the basic business model of both the traditional business and the social business are the same, the next step is to identify their major differences and ascertain whether that constitutes to the deviation from the traditional business model. According to Yunus and Weber (2010), the key characteristics of a social business are for the business objective to overcome poverty; attain financial and economic sustainability, return back the initial investment capital of investors; retain profit in the business for expansion and improvement; environmental consciousness; and market wage alongside better than standard working conditions for the workforce. However, based on Linder and Cantrell’s (2000) discussion on the constituents of a business model, alongside other definitions used in this study, it seems that these characteristics do not constitute the definition of a business model, but more like the CSR policy of an organisation. According to Kotler and Lee (2005), â€Å"corporate social responsibility is a commitment to improve community well-being through discretionary business practices and contribution of corporate resources†. By the use of the term discretionary, Kotler and Lee disregard companies that are obligated to act socially because of the law, or because it is ethical or moral and therefore expected. It defines businesses that choose to do good for their community based on internal policies. Therefore, based on this definition, it seems that social business models, as defined by Yunus and Weber (2010), may inherent identify (3) traditional business models that have a CSR policy centred on targeting the community. Furthermore, their investor reimbursement model, which specifies a non-dividend, non-loss policy, in which the investor gets back only what they invested is essentially only a policy and in no way affects their business model of delivering value to customers and increasing revenue. Even though this model may deter investors that seek a return on their invested capital, it could also attract investors such as Google for example, who have a CSR initiative, and may view it as a method of diversifying their portfolio with a social investment. Therefore, based on these arguments, it seems that the major factors that distinguish a social business model, from that of a traditional business, are the CSR initiatives and the investor models, which are seemingly only company policies that have minimal effect on how companies create value and increase revenue. The minimal effect that these policies have on creating value, could however define how they distinguish themselves from competitors – if any, and appeal to customers, employees and investors (Petit and Yunus, 2010). For instance, if there were two companies operating within the same market, offering the same goods and adopting the same model – one of which was a social business and the other a more traditional business, the social business may gain more traction and popularity from more ethically conscious and socially responsible customers. This argument is based on CSR theories of Kotler and Lee (2005), which depict that an organisation’s CSR policies could assist it its competitive advantage, especially in the sort of customers and employees it could attract. This essay has reviewed the business models of two water companies, with the aim of identifying their underlying business structure, and determining whether and to what extent, the social business model of a Bangladeshi water company differs from the traditional business model of a UK water company. Our analyses show that business models of both companies are ideally traditional business models, but they have been adapted to fit the particular environment within which they operate. However, the core aspects of a business model, which are the value creation for customers and increasing profits, apply to both organisations. Therefore, based on the arguments set out in this paper and the discussion of both business models, it appears that the social business models are only a mere re-invention of the traditional business models, in that they seek to create customer value and generate profit. However, their core difference lies in their CSR and investor models, which is centred majorly o n improving a social factor. This model is ideal from a social perspective as it actively combines a traditional model, with a non-for- profit agenda. It can be therefore concluded that social business model would give any aspiring business an advantage over its competitors especially in generic industries, as some customers, employees and investors may be attracted to its social goals and objectives. Reference List Baker, M. J. (2011) Why ‘Social Business’Social Business, Vol. 1 (1), pp. 1 – 15. Chesbrough, H. and Rosenbloom, R. S. (2000). The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: Evidence from Xerox Corporations’ technology spinoff companies, Harvard Business Review Working Paper. Donaldson, C., Baker, R., and Cheater, F. (2011) Social business, health and well-being, Social Business, Vol. 1(1), pp. 17 – 35 Kotler, P., and Lee, N. (2005). Corporate social responsibility: doing the most good for your company and your cause, John Wiley and Sons, 307 pages Linder, J. and Cantrell, S. (2000) Changing Business Models: Surveying the Landscape. Accenture Institute for Change. May 24, 2000. Magretta, J. (2002). Why business models matter. Harvard Business Review. Petit, P. U., and Yunus, M. (2010) Creating a New Citilization through Social Entrepreneurship, Transaction Publishers, pp. 170. Thames Water (2010) Our business, http://www.thameswater.co.uk/cps/rde/xchg/corp/hs.xsl/825.htm [Accessed: 27/04/10] Yunus Centre (2009) Grameen Veolia Water Ltd – Background, http://www.muhammadyunus.org/Social-Business/grameen-veolia-water-ltd/, [Accessed: 27/04/10 Yunus, M., and Weber, K. (2010) Building Social Business: The New Kind of Capitalism That Serves Humanity’s Most Pressing Needs, Public Affairs, 226 pages How to cite Difference between Social and Traditional Business Models, Essay examples

Research Paper on Touch Screen Technology Essay Example

Research Paper on Touch Screen Technology Essay A touchscreen is a computer peripheral that combines a display screen features (monitor) and those of a pointing device, such as a mouse or touchpad, but also with an optical stylus. This allows to reduce the number of the peripheral devices and make ergonomic software very well suited to certain functions. The touchscreen technology is used, for example, in PDA, GPS, MP3 players, smartphones, tablets, portable game consoles, automatic ticketing, ATMs, all tills without cashier and computer. A touch screen may be sensitive to more than two pressure levels with better resolution (graphic tablet / stylus pen) and more than one place at a time (multi-touch / fingers) Touchscreen was invented in the United States in the framework of research on programmed instruction. Computer system PLATO IV, which appeared in 1972, had a touch screen on a grid of infrared rays, which consisted of 16 ? 16 blocks. Nevertheless, even such a low accuracy system allowed a user to choose an answer by touching the screen in the right place. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Touch Screen Technology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Touch Screen Technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Touch Screen Technology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In 1971, Samuel Hurst (future founder of Elographics, now Elo TouchSystems) developed elograf – a graphics tablet, which operated on the principle of four-wire resistive touchscreen (US Patent 3,662,105). In 1974, Hurst was able to make the elograf transparent, and in 1977, he developed a five-wire screen. Teaming up with Siemens, Elographics managed to make a convex touchpad appropriate for the CRT screens of the time. At the World’s Fair in 1982, Elographics introduced a TV with touch screen. In 1983, HP-150 was released, which was a computer with a touch screen on the IR grid. However, in those days, touchscreen technology was used mainly in industrial and medical equipment. Touchscreen technology is now widely used in the consumer electronic devices (phones, PDAs, etc.). They have come into play when there was necessity to replace a tiny keyboard with large (the entire front panel) LCD screens. The first portable game console with a touchscreen was Nintendo DS, the first mass device that supports multi-touch was an iPhone. If your goal is to write a first-class research proposal on touchscreen technology, you may get interested in looking through some free sample research papers on different topics to get the idea of how to prepare, outline, and compose a good scientific text. With those samples, it will be much easier to see, how to process the results of your investigation, select, structure, and compose your material. They also can be considered a good source of relevant information, when written by experienced professionals. Such papers can serve you as a guide in the complex process of your first research paper writing. There are lots of them on the Web, so you can easily find a suitable one. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research paper on Touch Screen topics. Your research paper will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research paper assistance at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all research paper details: Enjoy our professional research paper writing service!

Ecology and Technology essays

Ecology and Technology essays Indeed, in my opinion, technology does owe ecology an apology. This is because ecological imbalances were as a result of the Industrial revolution, which could be said to be the beginning of the non-ending technological advancement cycle. During Industrial revolution, we began altering or climate and environment through changing agricultural and industrial practices. Before the industrial revolution, human activity released very few gases into the atmosphere, but now through population growth fossil fuel burning and deforestation, we are affecting the mixture of gases in the air, which in turn affects all other species in the world. The water bodies have been major victims to, and have experienced the whims of technology. They have been used as dumping grounds for all toxic waste waste that is as a result of technological advancement. This has brought about the extinction of some species and has killed many types of marine species. In addition to this, the once beautiful beaches of the world have been scarred with waste. The natural water rivers no longer hold rich ecosystems as before as many of them cannot be able to survive in the harsh conditions. What do anthropogenic greenhouse gases mean? Discuss the anthropogenic greenhouse gases in terms of their potential to cause global warming. Anthropogenic greenhouse gases are those gases that are emitted into the atmosphere and have an adverse effect on the climate. These are gases that are as a result of human activities. Greenhouse gases are the gases trapped inside our atmosphere, which tend to keep the planet earth warm. These gases are carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor (H2O), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and many chlorofluorocarbons (which will be explained in better detail later). These gases are what warm our planet to livable conditions, and are responsible for life, as we know it on earth. Then one might ask, "What is the problem with these e...

English Tongue Twisters for ESL Students

English Tongue Twisters for ESL Students Tongue twisters are short, memorable lines that are difficult to pronounce, especially rapidly, because of alliteration or a slight variation of consonant sounds, and are especially useful in pronunciation when focusing on related phonemes, or sounds. In other words, there are several s sounds such as sh, z and tch, and a tongue twister focuses on the minor changes in the mouth required to move between these sounds. By changing back and forth a number of times to the different sounds, students can improve their knowledge of the specific physical movements required for that particular phoneme set. Learning a tongue twister employs musical intelligence, which is one of the multiple intelligences of learners. Another example of this type of learning includes grammar chants. These types of exercises  build up muscle memory related to speech, making it easier to recall later. Fun but Not Necessarily Accurate Tongue twisters are lots of fun, but they often dont make much sense, so its important to warn students before introducing them to tongue twisters that theyre not meant to be learning guides for using proper grammar. Rather, they should be used for exercising pronunciation muscles. For instance, in the old nursery rhyme tongue twister called Peter Piper, the content of the story may make sense in terms of narrative, but the phrase Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, doesnt actually work because you cannot pick already pickled peppers. Similarly, in Woodchuck, the speaker asks how much wood could a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood, which would make sense if only woodchucks didnt chuck wood with their teeth. For this reason, when introducing an ESL student to English tongue twisters, its doubly important to go over what the limericks mean in the context of the piece as well as in the context of the words on their own, paying special attention to common idioms that dont make sense when directly translated to a foreign language. Practice Makes Perfect A very large part of understanding how to speak a foreign language properly comes in understanding how the muscles of the mouth are meant to move to elicit certain  sounds and pronunciations- thats why tongue twisters are so handy in teaching ESL students to speak English correctly and quickly. Because tongue twisters consists of so many slight variations on the same sound, all of which are used colloquially in American English, the ESL learner is able to get a clear grasp of how pen sounds different from pin or pan, despite sharing a majority of the same letters and consonant  sounds. In the poem Sally Sells Sea Shells by the Sea Shore, for instance, the speaker is able to go through every variation of the s sound in English, learning the difference between sh and s as well as z and tch. Similarly, ​Betty Botter and A Flea and a Fly walk the speaker through all the b and f sounds.

Public Order Legislation and Fundamental Rights Essay

Public Order Legislation and Fundamental Rights - Essay Example Public protests are generally encompassed within the framework of the right to free expression and free association which is an essential part of a democracy. However the European Convention of Human Rights also includes among its umbrella of rights guaranteed to people, the right to such freedom of speech and association which may also include the freedom to protest6. But this right to public assembly is not one of the fundamental rights, such as that of the right to life or the right against torture7, therefore these rights may be regulated to some extent by the Government through the police in the interest of maintaining law and order. But how far can policing be extended? While these rights may certainly be regulated, they cannot be obstructed and developments that have been occurring within the UK for the past two decades appear to point in that direction. The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act of 1994:Public protest has been a part of UK history, but has not been construed t o be criminal without due cause. The Public Order Act of 1986 had introduced some restrictions on public gatherings, camping and other activities, however these provisions as extended into the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act of 1994 to cope with criminal and terrorist elements, has resulted in a wider range of activities being construed as criminal offences.Specific provisions that are of interest in the case of public order are from section 619 up to sections 77-80 that even deal with the traveling community

Internet Connections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Internet Connections - Essay Example A wireless router may extend signals to about 100 feet in all directions, but these can be interrupted by walls. However to obtain enough coverage a range repeater or extender can be utilized. Moreover, a wireless network adapter installation will be needed in each of the devices that need to be connected. Any device that uses the Bluetooth can also be connected easily to each other, inside a 10 meters range, and most computers, printers, cell phones, home entertainment systems, cell phones, printers, computers and other gadgets come with this technology already been installed. However, Bluetooth adapter helps if it’s not built in the computer (Mitchell, n.d). a) I will prefer my DBMS server to be installed on separate machine as if other internet connected machine (e.g. Web server) may get compromised my database would be safe from this attack (Martinez, n.d). b) Web server software allows a computer to host different websites via the domain name system (DNS). This system translates domain names that are people-friendly, such as "domain.com" into Internet protocol (IP) addresses that pertain to the server that actually stores the information. It also enables a single server to host multiple websites or applications, despite the fact that computers traditionally only have one IP. Email servers are a part of an overall message system (Squared, 2009). Hubs are utilized in networks that employ twisted-pair wiring to join devices. Hubs can be connected together to make larger networks. These are easy devices that direct information packets to every device linked to them. Switches, like hubs are connectivity spots in Ethernet network. Devices are connected to switches by twisted-pair wiring, each device having one cable. Switches receive data and forward it to only that port which is connected to the target device by learning the devices’ MAC address connected to it, and by

A Central Processing Unit

A Central Processing Unit A central processing unit, also known as central processor unit, is the hardware inside a computer system that process instructions of a computer program by performing the simple arithmetical, logical, and input/output (I/O) operations of the system. The term has been utilized in the computer industry about since the early 1960s. The concept, design, and implementation of CPUs have altered over the period of its history, but the foundation of its operation is still un-change. On big machines, CPUs need at least one printed circuit boards. For the personal computers and small workstations, the CPU is installed into one silicon chip called a microprocessor. In the 1970s the microprocessor type of CPUs had nearly fully implement all other CPU implementations. Modern CPUs are in big scale integrated circuits in packages usually smaller than four centimeters square, with hundreds of connecting pins. Two usual things of a CPU are the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which process arithmetic an d logical operations, and the control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory and decodes then executes them, calling on the ALU when needed. Not every computational systems depend on a central processing unit. An array processor or vector processor has many parallel computing elements, with no unit to be known the center. For the distributed computing model, issues are corrected by a distributed interconnected set of processors. (Himes, A. 2012) Answer for question 1 Computers such as the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) need to be physically rewired to carry different operations, that results these machines to be known as fixed-program computers. Since the word CPU is basically known as a device for software (computer program) execution, the very first devices that could rightly be known as CPUs came with the arrival of the stored-program computer. The concept of a stored-program computer was already existed in the design of J. Presper Eckert and John William Mauchlys ENIAC, but was not included in the beginning so that it could be complete faster. On June 30, 1945, before ENIAC was created, mathematician John von Neumann distributed the paper called First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer). It was the plan of a stored-program computer that should be finished in August 1949. EDVAC was made to carry out some amount of instructions (or operations) of various types. The instructions can be combined to make useful programs for the EDVAC to work. The programs made for EDVAC were saved in high-speed computer memory instead of specified by the physical wiring of the computer. This settle the problem of a serious limitation of ENIAC, which was the cquite an amount of time and effort needed to reconfigure the computer to carry out a new task. Using the von Neumanns implementation, the progra m, or software, that EDVAC perform could be modified easily by changing the contents of the memory. (Himes, A. 2012) Every of the computer designs of the beginning of year 1950s was a unique design. There were no upward-compatible devices or computer architectures with numerous, varying implementations. Programs designed for a machine might not function on another kind, even other kinds from the similar company. This was not a great drawback at that time due to there was not a huge body of software made to work on computers, so starting programming from the beginning was not a serious issue. The design flexibility of the time was very crucial, for designers were very restrictive by the cost of electronics, yet just started to discover about how a computer could best be organized. Certain fundamental features implemented during this time like the index registers (on the Ferranti Mark 1), a return-address storing instruction (UNIVAC I), immediate operands (IBM 704), and the detection of invalid operations (IBM 650). (http://www.inetdaemon.com/tutorials/computers/hardware/cpu/ 2012) By the late of the year 1950s commercial builders had made factory-constructed, truck-deliverable computers. The most well known installed computer was the IBM 650, which used drum memory into the programs that were loaded using either paper tape or punched cards. Certain very high-end machines also utilize core memory which results in higher speeds. Hard disks were also start to become more widely use. (http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/CPU.html 1970) A computer is an automatic abacus. The type of number system will result the way it operates. In the early 1950s majority computers were made for specific numerical processing operations, and many machines utilized decimal numbers as their basic number system. That is the mathematical functions of the machines laboured in base-10 instead of base-2 as is general today. These were not solely binary coded decimal. Most machines usually had ten vacuum tubes per digit in each register. (Himes, A. 2012) At the end of year 1970, main computer languages were not able to standardize their numeric behavior due to decimal computers had groups of users too big to alienate. Even when designers utilize the binary system, they still had many strange ideas. Some used sign-magnitude arithmetic (-1 = 10001), or ones complement (-1 = 11110), instead of modern twos complement arithmetic (-1 = 11111). Majority computers used 6-bit character sets, due to they moderately encoded Hollerith cards. It was a serious revelation to designers of this period to be aware that the data word should be a multiple of the character size. They started to make computers with 12, 24 and 36 bit data words. (RMI Media Productions. 1979) As opposed to contemporary CPUs which was from the year 1990 until today, the design and growth of the CPU has new execution and levels which makes modern CPU more quicker, small and efficient in comparison to the early designs of CPU. One of the implementation is multi-threading. Present designs perform best when the computer is operating only an application, however almost every current operating-system permit the user to perform several applications at the exact time. For the CPU to alter over and do task on another program needs costly context switching. In comparison, multi-threaded CPUs can manage instructions from several applications at once. To do this, this kind of CPUs involve numerous sets of registers. When a context switch takes place, the contents of the working registers are merely duplicated into one of a set of registers for this intent. This kind of designs usually involve thousands of registers rather than hundreds as in a typical design. On the disadvantage, registers are likely to be somewhat costly in chip space required to implement them. This chip space could otherwise be utilized for some other function. Second implementation is multi-core. Multi-core CPUs are commonly multiple CPU cores on the similar die, linked to each other through a shared L2 or L3 cache, an on-die bus, or an on-die crossbar switch. Every of the CPU cores on the die share interconnect components with which to interface to the other processors and the rest of the system. These components might consist of a front side bus interface, a memory controller to interface with DRAM, a cache coherent connected to other processors, and a non-c oherent connected to the southbridge and I/O devices. The words multi-core and MPU (which is Micro-Processor Unit) have come into common usage for an individual die that consists of multiple CPU cores. Thirdly is very long instruction word(VLIW) and Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing (EPIC). VLIW relates to a processor architecture made to utilize the advantage of instruction level parallelism (ILP). Whilst conventional processors typically only permit programs that specify instructions to be carried out one after another, a VLIW processor permit programs that can clearly specify instructions to be performed at the exact time (i.e. in parallel). This kind of processor architecture is meant to enable higher performance without the inherent sophistication of some other ways. Intels Itanium chip is based on what they call an EPIC design. This design supposedly offers the VLIW benefit of enhanced instruction throughput. Nevertheless, it prevents some of the problems of scaling an d complexity, by clearly giving in each bundle of instructions information concerning their dependencies. This information is calculated by the compiler, as it would be in a VLIW design. The initial versions are also backward-compatible with existing x86 software by means of an on-chip emulation mode. Integer performance was not good and regardless of enhancements, sales in volume markets continue to be low. One of the earliest CPU was the UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer I) in the year 1951 and the speed of this CPU was 0.0008 IPS (Instructions per second). As in year 2011, one of the fastest personal computer CPUs was the Intel Core i7 Extreme Edition 3960X which has a staggering speed of 53.3 IPS. Compared to the early CPU like the UNIVAC I, the latest CPU is at least sixty-six times faster. (Mostafa, E. and Hesham. 2005) Conclusion for question 1 Central processing unit (CPU) is a very important component in a computer because it process instructions of a computer program by performing the simple arithmetical, logical, and input/output (I/O) operations of the system. That is why CPU also known as the brain of the computer. The CPU has rich in history since the year 1945 before the CPU term had been use and the design and implementation of the CPU had improved tremendously over the years, thus, becoming more powerful and efficient. CPU had been used in various type of computers, from personal computer to super computer. Introduction for question 2 Speaking of computer architecture, a bus is a subsystem that moves data among elements within a computer, or between computers. Initial computer buses were parallel electrical wires with several connections, but the term is now applied for any physical layout that offers the similar logical functionality as a parallel electrical bus. Current computer buses can use both parallel as well as bit serial connections, and can be wired in either a multidrop (electrical parallel) or daisy chain topology, or linked by switched hubs, as in the case of USB. Buses function in units of cycles, messages and transactions. Talking about cycles, a message needs an amount of clock cycles to be delivered from sender to receiver through the bus. Speaking of messages, these are logical unit of information. For instance, a write message contains an address, control signals and the write data. Speaking of transactions, a transaction comprises of a sequence of messages which collectively form a transaction. For instance, a memory read needs a memory read message and a reply with the requested data. (http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/B/bus.html 2007) Answer for question 2 Buses can be parallel buses, which transport data words in parallel on numerous wires, or serial buses, which transport data in bit-serial form. The addition of extra power and control connections, differential drivers, and data connections in every direction generally indicates that mojority serial buses have extra conductors than the minimum of one utilized in 1-Wire and UNI/O. As data rates raise, the issues of timing skew, power usage, electromagnetic interference and crosstalk across parallel buses turn into more and more hard to circumvent. One partial solution to this issue is to double pump the bus. Usually, a serial bus can be worked at greater overall data rates than a parallel bus, regardless of having less electrical connections, due to the fact a serial bus basically has no timing skew or crosstalk. USB, FireWire, and Serial ATA are the likes of this. Multidrop connections will not perform properly for fast serial buses, so most contemporary serial buses utilize daisy-ch ain or hub designs. Traditional computer buses were bundles of wire that linked computer memory and peripherals. Anecdotally termed the digit trunk, they were known as after electrical power buses, or busbars. Almost often, there was single bus for memory, and one or more independent buses for peripherals. These were accessed by separate instructions, with entirely different timings and protocols. (Null, L., Lobur, J. 2006) One of the initial complications was the utilization of interrupts. Early computer programs carry out I/O by holding out in a loop for the peripheral to become prepared. This was a waste of time for program that had other tasks to perform. Also, if the program tried to carry out those other tasks, it may take too long for the program to check again, causing a loss of data. Engineers therefore set up for the peripherals to interrupt the CPU. The interrupts had to be prioritized, simply because the CPU will only perform code for one peripheral at a time, and some systems are more crucial than others. (Lochan, R. and Panigrahy. 2010) High-end systems implemented the plan of channel controllers, which were primarily small computers committed to deal with the input and output of a given bus. IBM implemented these on the IBM 709 in 1958, and they became into a usual feature of their platforms. Other high-performance vendors like Control Data Corporation utilized identical designs. Commonly, the channel controllers would perform their very best to manage all of the bus operations internally, transferring data when the CPU was deemed to be busy elsewhere if likely, and only utilizing interrupts when necessary. This tremendously reduce CPU load, and allows outstanding all round system performance. To provide modularity, memory and I/O buses can be combined into a unified system bus. In this situation, a single mechanical and electrical system can be utilized to link together numerous of the system components, or in some instances, all of them. Later computer programs started to share memory common to some CPUs. Accessi ng to this memory bus needed to be prioritized, as well. The easy method to prioritize interrupts or bus access was with a daisy chain. In this scenario signals will normally pass through the bus in physical or logical order, eliminating of the need for complex scheduling. (Null, L., Lobur, J. 2006) A system bus is an independent computer bus that connects the primary components of a computer system. The method was created to cut down costs and boost modularity. It combines the functions of a data bus to transport information, an address bus to decide where it should be delivered, and a control bus to identify its function. Every mainboard has a set of wires running across it that interconnect all the devices and chips that are lugged into it. These wires are jointly known as bus. The amount of wires in the bus determines how wide the bus is. A data bus is a computer subsystem that enables for the transporting of data from one component to another on a motherboard or system board, or between two computers. This can involve transporting data to and from the memory, or from the central processing unit(CPU) to other components. Every one is made to manage a quantity bits of data at a time. The quantity of data a data bus can deal with is known as bandwidth. The data bus comprises o f 8, 16, or 32 parallel signal lines. The data bus lines are bidirectional. Numerous devices in a system will have their outputs linked to the data bus, but only one device at a time will have its outputs enabled. Any device linked on the data bus must have three-state outputs so that its outputs can be disabled when it is not getting utilized to put data on the bus. An address bus is a computer bus architecture function to transport data between devices that are known by the hardware address of the physical memory (the physical address), which is kept in the form of binary numbers to allow the data bus to access memory storage. The address bus is utilized by the CPU or a direct memory access (DMA) enabled device to find the physical address to convey read/write commands. All address busses are read and written by the CPU or DMA in the form of bits. An address bus is part of the system bus architecture, which was created to reduce costs and improve modular integration. (Ram, B. 2007 ) Nevertheless, majority of current computers use a wide range of single buses for certain tasks. An individual computer consists of a system bus, which links the main components of a computer system and has three primary elements, of which the address bus is one of them, together with the data bus and control bus. An address bus is gauge by the quantity of memory a system can access. A system with a 32-bit address bus can handle 4 gigabytes of memory space. More sophisticated computers utilize a 64-bit address bus with a supporting operating system able to deal with 16 gigabytes of memory locations, which is virtually infinite. A control bus is a computer bus that is utilized by the CPU to interact with devices that are contained inside the computer. This happens via physical connections such as cables or printed circuits. The CPU transfers a wide range of control signals to components and devices to transfer control signals to the CPU making use of the control bus. One of the primary goals of a bus is to reduce the lines that are required for communication. An individual bus enables communication among devices employing single data channel. The control bus is bidirectional and helps the CPU in synchronizing control signals to internal devices and external components. It is made up of interrupt lines, byte enable lines, read/write signals and status lines. Interaction between the CPU and control bus is required for operating an efficient and functional system. With the lack of control bus the CPU unable decide whether the system is obtaining or transmitting data. It is the control bus that manages which way the write and read information need to go. The control bus consists of a control line for write instructions and a control line for read instructions. When the CPU writes data to the main memory, it sends a signal to the write command line. The CPU also transmits a signal to the read command line when it requires to read. This signal allows the CPU to receive or transmit data from main memory. (Ram, B. 2007) Conclusion for question 2 Bus in computer architecture is a very important component in a computer. A bus is a subsystem that moves data among elements within a computer, or between computers. A system bus is an independent computer bus that connects the primary components of a computer system and this method was created to cut down costs and boost modularity. It combines the functions of a data bus to transport information, an address bus to decide where it should be delivered, and a control bus to identify its function. One of the primary goals of a bus is to reduce the lines that are required for communication.

Mahatma Gandhis Influence on the Civil Rights Movement of the United States Essay

Mahatma Gandhi’s Influence on the Civil Rights Movement of the United States Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The influence of Mahatma Gandhi relating to peace movement was experienced as early as in 1920’s. His long-lasting dedication and support of passive resistance finally led to Indian gaining full independence in 1948. Gandhi fought for the Indians’ rights in South Africa in his stay there. He fought to ensure that immigrant Indians who shaped an image of African blacks in United States enjoyed equal rights during civil rights movement. The similarity had a weighty impact on the blacks’ interests in following what Gandhi showed them in Gandhi back in south Africa, a struggle which is non violent, with an aim of extending the same to America. The United States citizens and particularly African Americans have been receiving constant flow of information concerning the Indian struggle of freedom which was led by Mahatma Gandhi. Murial Lester who was Gandhi’s friend toured America during 1930’s delivering speech es concerning non violent undertakings of Mahatma Gandhi.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The struggle for independence by Indians got many supporters and sympathizers, inside as well as outside peace movement. The undertakings of the struggle which was non violent between 1930-1933 all- India operations were being reported by united state’s newspapers by man journalists for example Webb Miller and Negley Farson. Progressives and liberals of different kinds were inspired by the struggles which were successful against imperialism and colonialism. When Gandhi was undertaking his non violent resistance concept he was inspired by advice from Henry David Thoreau’s relating to resisting things which were not right.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thoreau gave an advice that people could defy immoral an immoral action by government by not cooperating. Mahatma Gandhi implemented many thoughts from Thoreau in developing his concept of Truth force or satyagraha (non cooperation)4. One of the most critical and tangible effects that India has had on life in America was the influence of mahatma Gandhi on Luther King who was a leader of the civil rights, who implemented the Gandhi’s thought of civil disobedience to the united states’ civil rights movement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Luther king at all times paid tribute to Mahatma Gandhi to be one of the most significant sources of his own values. Luther king in 1959 he made a pilgrimage to India. Martin Luther king who was a Baptist minister received much of his philosophy relating to resisting evil nonviolently from the holy Bible, from the king’s undertaking of the Jesus teachings and also from particular pacifist threads in the traditions of the Christians. Nevertheless, Luther king was highly inspired by particular non- Christian ideologies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Perhaps the most significant of these ideologies was nonviolence philosophy which was practiced by Mahatma Gandhi who was a spiritual leader who led India’s independence movement in first half of the twentieth century. Gandhi’s philosophy of non violence was not completely non-Christian since it was informed by both extensive studying of other moral and religious traditions including Christianity and also from his Hindu background.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Also Gandhi was mentored by count Leo Tolstoy, who was a famous novelist of Russian origin who supported and adopted â€Å"back -to -basics’’ pacifist version of Christianity which was radical and was based on the factual understanding of Sermon on the Mount. Throughout history many individuals have resisted using violence and have refrained participating in war. Pacifism means deciding to be ineffectual and even resisting from participating in the righteous fights. Many good individuals have deemed it necessary to balance between being warlike and too violent versus being defenseless and too passive. Greatest contribution of Mahatma Gandhi to the history and the ground his was such a great influence to Luther King was calling into question this apparent truism that becoming nonviolent means becoming passive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gandhi used most of his adult life experimenting with nonviolent methods purposed to be effective in the real life and also morally admirable. His argument was always prevailing  over evil, resisting against injustice, standing up for oneself, living with integrity and dignity, etc. never necessitates willingness of using violence. In this regard Gandhi argued that there are many other strategies that can be used instead of violence. Martin Luther king from a tender was convinced that some things in this world are morally unacceptable. The intense racial discrimination of the Black Americans which king experienced was one example however war and poverty among other issues were very significant to him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He perceived that these vices were morally wrong and were supposed to be opposed and curbed with all the intelligence, courage and strength by all individuals. King was very committed to Christian values and he felt obliged to even love his enemies, not to kill any one and also not to wish ill to anyone. King was faced with a dilemma, a similar dilemma that individuals of conscience have faced always. After discovering Gandhi, Luther king was able to get out of the dilemma.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is because king was able to realize that it is possible to struggle for the rights of the Black people non violently without using bombs and guns or with propaganda and lies, but with truth and love. Under king’s leadership the civil rights movement was referred to be non violent and non passive. Luther king had always heard regarding Gandhi as a great player in the world scene from his early life however he did not notice Gandhi in a deeper way the time he attended crozer Theological seminary from 1948 to 1951. He was particularly inspired to know more about Gandhi in 1950 after he attended a talk which was delivered by, president of Howard University, Dr. Mordecai Johnson.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Johnson had returned from India where he had visited and he had a lot to say concerning the nonviolent direct action by Gandhi. King took an action where he bought several books narrating about Gandhi and engaging himself in the mission of comprehending all he could relating to the Indian leader and also his philosophy. King had believed that ‘love your enemies’ philosophy and ‘The turn the other cheek’ philosophy were only valid when people were in a disagreement with other people; when racial groups and states were in conflict, a more realistic approach deemed necessary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a result it was starting in 1955 when Luther king became actively engaged in planning and executing strategies to struggle against racial discrimination which is experienced in America at the time he decided absolutely to adopt the nonviolent direct action methods by Gandhi. Over many years king was influenced further by other important figures in civil rights movement who admired Gandhi and proponents of nonviolence for instance Bayard Rustin.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   King followed Johnson’s footsteps by making his own pilgrimage to India in 1959.In this visit king was able to meet Gandhi’s family members and also with Jawaharlal Nehru who was the prime minister. Jawaharlal Nehru for decades had been a significant all of Gandhi in the fight for Indian independence. Andrew Young who worked in civil rights movement together with Luther king when he was asked concerning the visit to India in 1959 he mentioned of how king constantly concerning this trip and also talked regarding how Gandhi had influenced his life. He was able to learn more about the meaning of heritage which he had grown up in and also spoke about that.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He also clarified that – the March on Washington- the entire civil rights movement was a reflection and effort on their part to replicate salt march to the sea by Gandhi. Andrew Young also said that their methods and teachings that they used were all derived from the spirit and life of Mohandas Gandhi. Had Mahatma Gandhi not lived maybe Luther king would have become the leader of the American civil rights movement and also maybe he would have found other ways of embracing the Christian peace and love and also still be successful in resisting against injustice and evil.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, it is evident that the civil rights movement and Martin Luther King would have been very different in absence of the influence of Mahatma Gandhi who was an Indian spiritual leader. After a journey to India which took him a month he returned to America where he rededicated himself to peaceful struggle without using violence for justice to which mahatma Gandhi gave his life to as India’s independence movement leader. King continued adopting Gandhi’s commitments and the Indians passionately adopted king’s campaigns since they both shared common strategies, common struggles and common values.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although Gandhi and king lives were cut short as a result of violence up to date their values have much to teach the world relating to divisiveness, war, discrimination and terrorism. Most Americans know very little concerning Hinduism and only several of them imagine that Hinduism values had any influence concerning development of the American society. However, the little they know relating to Hinduism is probably gotten from their knowledge concerning Mahatma Gandhi. Several Americans understand that Gandhi life’s work and teachings had a tremendous effect on development of the American society all through the civil Rights movement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mahatma Gandhi brought a valuable gift of social justice, of non-violence and of the community service. Gandhi’s life acted as an example and this light illuminates the globe and which saved mankind from our own inhumanity to one another. The torch was handled by numerous hands. Such people included Dr. Benjamin Elijah Mays who was the Morehouse college principal, who had just returned from India being one of the increasing numbers of the African-American disciples of Gandhi. When Luther king joined Morehouse aged 15 years old, Dr. Mays emerged to be one of the huge influences in his life. Therefore, in this regard a torch was passed on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dr. King and coretta scott king in February 1959 spent one month in India where they studied Gandhi’s march nonviolence techniques as guests of Jawaharlal Nehru, who was a prime minister in India. The effect of the teachings of Gandhi’s teachings and illustration on the life of Dr. Kings was considerable and he carried with him to USA the Gandhi’s message.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Luther king once narrated a story Ebenezer Baptist church congregation in Atlanta concerning his visit to India. In February 2000, Mohan Gundhi arrived at Emory University as a resident fellow, Rev Andrew Young and Bishop Tutu took part in public discussion with him where they discussed concerning violence and Religion in southern states of America. Between January to April in 2000 was pronounced ‘A season for Non- violence,’ which was a public awareness campaign that was led by a group of eight kingandhian non violent fellowships and reconciliation across the nation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The climax of the season took part over spiritual Awareness Week in between March-April in 2000 with fantastic ceremony dedicating honorary degrees posthumously for spiritual leader Gandhi and also his wife at Morehouse College, which is one of the most popular Black colleges in America. Gandhi institute for reconciliation was established at this occasion where massive plague containing the wordsâ€Å" I have a dream’’, Dr. kings jr’s historical speech. The reason why Gandhi was being honored and valued in a nation which is very far from his home country even 50 years following his departure was due to the clout that Gandhi had on civil rights movement and African Americans during 1950’s to 1960’s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The leader of the American civil rights movement, martin Luther king junior who was later awarded the Nobel peace Prize was greatly influenced by the ideologies of Gandhi and he also advocated the same as a leader of the civil rights movement. The outcomes of the American civil rights movement using the ideologies of Gandhi are evident even today where African Americans are treated equally as the white Americans. There was severe racial discrimination on the Blacks and in South Africa there was an instance where an educated lawyer who was well dressed was harshly thrown out of the train’s first class cabin back in South Africa.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A similar occurrence Montgomery Bus accident in 1955 led to a revolution and his experiments with the genuineness shall be important in leading the civil rights movement. Inspired by Ruskin and Thoreau, Gandhi’s experiments have developed both in size and shape and spread via his printing press in Durban and were successfully adopted in India, south Africa and finally it reached to the Negros. This was an instantaneous event that occurred over a long period of time. Influence of Mahatma Gandhi on peace movement was experienced in early 1920’s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   John Holmes who was Unitarian minister and a popular debater who was very influential in forming NAACP(National Association for Advancement of colored people) laid down his finding of mahatma Gandhi in a sermon which was titled â€Å"The Christ of Today’’ that was circulated widely. In 1922 he gave another sermon which was titled â€Å"who is the greatest Man in World Today’’ where his description of Gandhi astonished many listeners where most of the listeners had not heard the name Gandhi before. Holmes also published â€Å"My Gandhi’’ in 1953 which was also one of his works where he described his interactions and meetings with Gandhi.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mahatma Gandhi’s autobiography was initially published in United States in magazine unity which John Holmes was the editor. Dandi March spearheaded by Mahatma Gandhi which was a 200 mile walk to Dandi from porbandar has gained popularity and international media coverage where it served also as an inspiration source to many idealists. Inside Asia by John Gunther was widely read in United States where it gave sympathetic portraits of Nehru and Gandhi during this March heightening the significance in Indian independence movement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before this Gandhi attracted the world attention as he spearheaded the first successful satyagraha which was a Sanskrit word meaning firmness for the truth cause which was finalized by the south Africa’s liberation from the Apartheid reign. The movement which was undertaken simultaneously in South Africa although not fully active got constant source of inspiration from Gandhi’s ideology of active resistance which was based on the principles of non violence. In America the blacks were not fully aware of Gandhi’s initiatives until the emergence of martin Luther king who became their leader. However there was a constant flow of information which assisted in sparking the civil rights movement at times however not on large scale.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Only a small number of the colored individuals mostly educated class and included a minority of blacks who were fully aware of non violent struggle occurring in South Africa in late nineteenth century and early twentieth century in India.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gandhi’s efforts and ideologies also influenced the religious leaders who also were social idealists where they learnt on applying religious insights to both political and social challenges. They were highly inspired by his battle against untouchability and caste.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While Holmes remained to be the leading populariser of the Gandhi’s ideologies in united states also there were also Stanley jones who was a Methodist missionary who highly influenced by his personal familiarity in India; and also Kirby page who was a key figure in peace movement for many decades.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   African American started attending conferences in paris and England on coloured peoples congresses and pan-African where Gandhi’s followers expressed the illogicality of the ordinary plight of â€Å"black and brown races’’. Among the participants from the United States was Du Bois whose association as also that of Marcus Garvey who was All-African leader with expatriate Indian nationalists resulted to a stable stream of them going aboard on lecture tours of United States and conference. There were some whites apart from African Americans who promoted the campaign of equal rights to all the American citizens. These whites were very active in supporting the African Americans where they attended the conferences which were held by Gandhi’s followers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In mid 1920’s they were joined by popular dignitaries such as Rev CF Andrews and also Mirabai who were who close English emissaries, joined by Gertrude Emerson an American journalist Activist who were sent abroad later by Mahatma Gandhi to correct deceptive polemics by British regarding the universality and motivation of the campaign he had spearheaded in India. Other many delegates of the Indian national congress also followed. Popular Negros ministers involved in peace movement were Howard Thurman and Benjamin Mays held interviews with Mahatma Gandhi and he commented to Howard that it may be via the Negros that the pure message of non violence will be delivered around the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reinhold Niebuhr was another significant character to be dealt with and in his book â€Å"moral man and immoral society’’ he said that Mahatma Gandhi’s non violent technique could be of great importance to a minority group which is being oppressed such as the blacks in America3. Reinhold also added that non violent resistance although it is not an absolute solution for Black Americans, but if it is used in the Gandhi’s manner then this could result to justice which is unattainable through moral persuasion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However it was until 1950’s when this Gandhi’s ideology was implemented in civil rights movement. Therefore each important step in the Gandhi’s struggle including his fasting, successful satyagrahas like the salt march, imprisonment, together with his powerful personal messages to the American Negroes were printed and distributed across the leading Black magazines and papers and also the independent church newsletters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Specifically the most popular among them were crisis which was edited by Du Bois since 1910 together with Harlem Renaissance, the National council of churches, Atlanta Daily World, Christian century, The Chicago Defender, unity, Baltimore Afro-American, the American Negro Labor Council and the Norfolk Guide intensified Gandhi’s coverage in 1920’s and also 1930’s and also featured articles from the growing traffic between. American south and Gandhi’s India beginning with the opening African- American delegation, in order to meet Mahatma Gandhi in 1936.Black America joined in celebrations of India’s independence with a delegation which was led by Benjamin Mays and Mordecai Johnson leaving for New Delhi. Many writers had been greatly influenced by Mahatma Gandhi and also their writings had a significant impact beyond the peace movement. Such writers included Chester Bowles, Louis Fischer, Edmond Taylor, Vinc ent Sheean, Pearl Buck, Herrymon Maurer, Frances And John Gunther.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gandhi had a great influence on martin lather king who was the leader of American civil rights movement thus this movement was operated and based on the Gandhi’s ideas and principles which had a lot of influence on many people even in America. This is because king who was the leader of the American movement of civil rights in the United States embraced Gandhi’s methodology and philosophy in struggling for justice. He became a great follower and an avid preacher of Gandhian principles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   King believed strongly that the moral justice can be acquired in the rightful approach through taking the method of non- violence. Concurrently, Luther king’s interest in Mahatma Gandhi and his principles increased. In universities and colleges there has been a constant interest in Mahatma Gandhi on part of those personalities who are interested in social justice and peace. New course which deals absolutely on Gandhian principles have started being introduced in the universities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The success of the tested Gandhian approaches in the struggle for Indian freedom and similarities between the African American movement of civil rights and Indian freedom  struggle has influenced both followers and leaders to adopt the ideologies of Gandhi in their struggle for equality. Martin Luther king was attracted to Gandhi due to the fact that he the first individual to use Jesus’ love ethics beyond personal level and also for using love ethic as a tool of effecting social change in large scale.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With many young nonviolent activists eventually king, jr mobilized non violent human barricades, mass movement, marches, civil disobedience, undertaking satyagraha-style sit-ins systematically, non cooperation pickets and strikes, spiced by use of passionate speeches while risking police beating and arrests from Montgomery to Birmingham, Atlanta to Albany and the popular Selma march on Washington D.C or else at other civil rights campaigns sites across united states using his popular phrase â€Å" I have a dream†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ King also spoke out also against the dangerous and distracting American participation in Vietnam War. However, it worth noting that king did not implement all methods that were preached by Gandhi. For example, he resisted using the idea of taking over the private property and refusing to pay taxes and he contemplated however he never adopted fasting. In spite of these discrepancies, king implemented Gandhiâ €™s overall non-violent resistance philosophy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 2001 Martin Luther king was influenced by Gandhi’s approaches in becoming the civil  rights movement leader and is forever the Africans American’s hero. Coretta scott at National civil rights museum based in Tennessee said Gandhi’s example and teachings provided a strong influence on king’s leadership. Indian ambassador in USA, Latin man singh at the same event said that king and Gandhi joined America and India together through bonds of shared struggle and suffering.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The influence of Mahatma Gandhi on civil rights movement which occurred thousand miles away from India or England, where he got his education or in South Africa where Gandhi experimented with new principles had been very deep. It is evident that Mahatma Gandhi was invisible force of civil rights movement in United States4. King Jr was not only the leader who adopted ideologies of Gandhi into the fight for equality by African Americans there were many others like the followers of Gandhi from India who played a great role in giving the non- violent protest the shape as early as in the twentieth century. After the king’s arrival the civil rights movement in United States has strict adherence to the Gandhi’s principles like satyagraha and non violent protests. 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